GUERNICA: A TIMELESS MESSAGE AGAINST WAR

Guernica is one of the most symbolic images of the contemporary world. It is the image of worldwide anti-war sentiment and of the fight for freedom. Guernica, probably Picasso’s most famous work, is certainly his most powerful political statement. It was painted as an immediate reaction to the Nazi’s disastrous bombing practice on the Basque town of Guernica during Spanish civil war.

Guernica serves as an inspiration, this is an illustrative painting, not a chronicle one. That means its main object is not to describe what happened in the Basque city but to act as an expression against warfare and brutality.


There are nine characters in the painting—six humans and three animals. At the far left there is a woman with her dead child in her arms, symbol of a mother’s love and suffering. Others describe it as the image of Madrid, the capital of Spain, being shut off by the fascist army. Behind them there is a bull and a wounded horse; these two animals have a long lore in Picasso’s work.one of the most popular explanation is bull represents the cruelty of war, whereas the horse is another reminder of the suffering of people. At the base of the painting, a brutally dismembered soldier, lying on the floor normally believed to represent the military losses of the war and role of army. In the center of the painting, there is a figure of a dove (in between horse and bull) that seems to be screaming—a symbol of menaced peace in Europe. Finally, there are three other women to the right of the horse One of them with her breast uncovered and wounded leg—symbolize as the young Spanish republic that has been attacked by the rebels. Above her there is another woman overlooking from the windows and holding a light. Some theories see in them as a reference to the technological revolution in the 20th century. Others see them as symbols of the last remnants of sensible thinking and the enlightment in Europe. Finally, there is one last woman shouting of fear while a house behind her is on fire, a further reminder of the cruelty and losses suffered during the war.

Picasso’s Guernica makes sure that the story of the small Basque town will never be forgotten, will survive in our collective memory to be exchanged and passed down for cohorts. Guernica is not mythical in the fictional sense, but in the sense of its global, communal language, spoken through the bull, the horse and the woman. Like all myths, Picasso’s myth is a personal and cultural creation, highlighting with pinpoint precision the dangers of mortal hubris.

                                                                                                                             By Zavizah.


                                                                                                                            


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